Development of the Montessori Method Essay - 3888 Words

Maria Montessori and the ISD Model: Development of the Montessori Method Summary The paper I prepared begins with a description of the Montessori Method and a historical narration of the professional career of Dr. Maria Montessori. I also included some biographical information as to her origins and the identity of her parents. I then drew a comparison of her methods for developing the Montessori Method and her career to the ISD model. I compared significant events in her career to the analysis phase. Explaining that her experience with children lead her to develop her programs. Then I drew a comparison to her work with the design and development phases, citing her materials that she uses in her classrooms and the classrooms†¦show more content†¦Sinclair describes the managers of these plants as so heartless and driven, that if a man were injured he was replaced and as punishment for slowing production. If a child fell ill, he was fired unless he kept working. The work force was denied any rights due to the over surplus of labor available. For every one w orker available for pennies a day, there were several willing to work for pennies a week. At times there were widespread unemployment, hunger, disease and waves of immigration. Necessities were often scarce and work was a commodity not easily replaced. (Sinclair, 1960) During this time social reformers like Dr. Maria Montessori were developing new educational systems and programs for underprivileged children. The reformers concern was that while parents were forced to slave long hours, the development of the children was inhibited. The families lived in horrible conditions such as the tenements of New York or Rome. Large families lived together in one or two room apartments with very little space or room for a child to grow. The children were raised, not to become well-educated minds, but to become workers in the industrial society. Scientists, doctors and other outsiders brought to the forefront methods of caring for young children long abandoned for fear of losing precious income to infirmary or post natal recovery. This inspired some changes in the way mothers in particular took care of their children until they were ableShow MoreRelatedNew Approach to Education System1742 Words   |  7 PagesWillard, and Maria Montessori all great teachers who did their work very well and they had a profound impact on the lives of innumerable people. In today’s world lots of students, teacher s, and parents think that Montessori education system is much successful than traditional education system. Maria Montessori was a successful scientist and educator at the same time. She brought a new approach to education system by developing new methodology and founder of the method of Montessori. She is famous inRead MoreChild Development1167 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The Montessori method of education is one of the very unusual approaches of educating young children that has been based on the experiences and research of educator and physician Maria Montessori (1870–1952). The method basically arose from what Dr. Montessori’s discovered and named it the â€Å"the child’s normal nature† back in 1907 (Montessori, 1972). This happened during one of her experimental observations with young children who had been given the freedom they need d in an environmentRead MoreThe Montessori And Teaching Methods1095 Words   |  5 PagesMontessori Integration Students in traditional schools may not be getting the best education they can receive. Some students grow up lacking the necessary skills required to perform well in the real world. The Montessori Method trains students for real life situations. The children are not only taught the standard in academics. They also develop emotional and social skills required to excel in their future careers. The Montessori Method also puts other subcategories such as art and geology at theRead MoreHome And School Are Places Of Social Processes1363 Words   |  6 Pagesmany books on how to understand and educate child with disabilities. Books written by the theorist are â€Å"The Montessori Method† (1909), â€Å"Absorbent Mind† (1949), and â€Å"Discovery of the Child† (1950). Maria Montessori also conducted lectures worldwide and wrote articles highlighting her four phases in which a child develops and how to educate them as well. In the area of theory of development aside from her success in contributing many aspects into society was her underlining belief that knowledge isRead MoreEssay on 20th Century Approaches in Early Childhood Education861 Words   |  4 Pagesall. Education in the early preschool years boomed with early childhood development programs. While there are many popular approaches, I find that Maria Montessori and Rudolf Steiner have the reliable strait forward and captivating approaches to early childhood education. Maria Montessori has an educational method that is in use today in public and private schools throughout the world. The basic goals of the Montessori Method are to develop the child’s independence and productivity as well as preserveRead MoreReggio Emili Curriculum Methods Techniques1363 Words   |  6 Pages Curriculum Comparison Jessica Buschmann ECE 220: Curriculum Methods Techniques 7 February 2016 The Reggio Emilia approach originated in the town of Reggio Emilia in Italy. By the end of WWII, parents and educators in the city developed an educational system for young children. By the 1980s, many educators across the globe were choosing to use the Reggio Emilia method in the classroom. The Reggio Emilia approach is considered an â€Å"in-depth project that emerges from the children sRead MoreDescribe What Montessori Meant by â€Å"New Education†1594 Words   |  7 PagesMaria Montessori dedicated and committed her life into education of the children. She has witnessed through some years with wars and conflicts and she thought; through education this can be turned into peace to this world. Since the year 1907 Montessori name has been recognized in the education system. Even though it has been over a century to this date Montessori principles are as powerful as it was. Dr Maria Montessori has relied on her actual observations on children to develop her method of educati onRead MoreMaria Montessori1462 Words   |  6 PagesMaria Montessori Julianne Perry ECE101: Introduction to Early Childhood Education Monica Kelly June 13, 2011 Thesis: Maria Montessori s way of learning is very unique; her theory was for children learn in a natural and parent-supported environment. Outline I. Education of Montessori 1. First woman to receive a Medical Degree in Italy A. Studied psychiatry, education and anthropology. B. Worked, wrote and spoke for children with special needs 2. Many schoolsRead MoreMaria Montessori1086 Words   |  5 PagesThe Montessori Philosophy Maria Montessori (1870-1952) was truly a radical in terms of her philosophy regarding children and the fact that she was putting it forward at a time when children were most often thought of as extensions of their parent, their parents beliefs and culture, and a creature to be shaped in ways that would create an appropriate and successful adult based on those beliefs. The collective consciousness regarding childrearing was that it was important to replicateRead MoreThe Montessori Method: Origins of an Educational Innovation1151 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Maria Montessori Introduction Maria Montessori left a lasting mark on the education system all over the world (Montessori Gutek, 2004). Philosophers consider her as one of the most popular as well as accomplished educator of her time. Many universities and schools today study and utilize her philosophies and techniques. Her life involves a story of a remarkable achievement and perseverance. Maria Montessori considered the concept of teaching children to explore the world through the use of the

The Meaning of the Title, Cry, the Beloved Country Essay

The 1940 set in time book, Cry, the Beloved Country’s title by Alan Paton have intrigued yet perplexed readers over the years. The title itself has several meanings especially to the different readers and their understanding of it. The title not only expresses the importance but also plays a role in capturing the concept of the book. The reason why the title is significant because in one line it demonstrates the depth of the conflict between the people and their country, though the use of style in grammar and vocabulary it essentially shows the theme and tone and helps the reader have an idea of what the book is about. The grammar of the title acts as a hook for readers. The title is interesting already because of the peculiar grammar.†¦show more content†¦Every word of the title represents a certain aspect of the book, which entirely makes it so significant and fascinating all in one. As stated before, the title is simple yet detailed. The reason is because when one reads the title it’s simply just a line of words, but if it were to be analysed, it can be stated that there is so much more to the words than just being a subject, adjective, and a verb. The word â€Å"Cry† can refer to a number of things. One being that all they (people of the country) can do is cry for going through so many hardships. Another being â€Å"Cry† used as a symbol of the chaos and destruction that encompasses throughout Johannesburg and Ndotsheni of South Africa, which the people need to be saved from, saved from the social and racial oppressions surrounding them. â€Å"Beloved† simpl y means the love the people have for the country. Although they go through so many things they still remain supportive and loving toward the place it all happens in. â€Å"Country† not only is used as the subject, it is used for the viewpoint, the setting. As the other words set up the imagery for the reader, the word â€Å"Country† ties it all together and puts the other words into that word. Theme in the book, â€Å"Cry, The Beloved Country†, is mainly social breakdown and racial injustices in South Africa. Through the use of the title it is apparent to detect the themes from it. By using the title within the book the title is better understood,Show MoreRelated The True Meaning of Cry, the Beloved Country Essay1426 Words   |  6 PagesThe True Meaning of Cry, the Beloved Country      Ã‚  Ã‚   Many debates have been sparked by Alan Patons Cry, the Beloved Country.   Even the essence of the books title examines South Africa and declares the presence of the inner conflict of its citizens. The importance and meaning of the title of Cry, the Beloved Country is visible in Patons efforts to link the reader to forthcoming ideas in the novel, Patons description of South Africas problems, and Patons prayer for the solution of SouthRead MoreEssay on Cry, the Beloved Country by Alan Paton736 Words   |  3 PagesCry, the Beloved Country is such a controversial novel that people tend to forget the true meaning and message being presented. Paton’s aim in writing the novel was to present and create awareness of the ongoing conflict within South Africa through his unbiased and objective view. The importance of the story lies within the title, which sheds light on South Africa’s slowly crumbling society and land, for it is the citizens and the land itse lf which are â€Å"crying† for their beloved country as it collapsesRead MoreCry, The Beloved Country1710 Words   |  7 Pages Alan Paton’s Cry, the Beloved Country takes place during the late 1940’s in Southern Africa. Specifically, in High Place, Ndotsheni, and Johannesburg. It takes place during a time of social change. There is racial inequality taking place during the late 1940’s. The novel shows what it was like to be living during this time. Cry, the Beloved Country has an urban and crowded feeling for most of the novel. This novel is written in past-tense, third-person omniscient point of view. Occasionally, theRead MoreI Am Woman, Hear My Cry Essay1163 Words   |  5 Pagesto express themselves clearly and profoundly without speaking a word. The way a person sighs, cries, screams, or groans exposes his emotion and state of mind. It is a gift that all humans bear, this power to display emotion through instinctual sound. Novelist Alan Paton has a strong grasp on this aspect of the human condition, exemplifying this in his treatment of women in the novel Cry, the Beloved Country. In Paton’s stark, poetic prose, the mere manner in which a woman laughs or weeps symbolizesRead More Genteel People and Honest Hearts in Jane Austens Emma Essay examples1575 Words   |  7 Pagesgenteel people’?   Though not necessarily a commonly used term today, the meaning of ‘genteel people’ is easily assumed. Good birth and breeding are not necessarily the only ‘qualities’ of genteel people: simple generosity, courtesy and elegance can also apply, as well as marriage into the class. The majority of the characters in Emma to some extent expand this definition to provide exceptions to the rule or abuses of the title. In this way the characters provide an interesting answer to the questionRead MoreJohn Steinbecks Use of Symbolism in His Book The Chrysanthemums611 Words   |  2 Pageshis book Chrysanthe mums is no exception. The title of the book is a reference to the symbols and plot of the story, a Chrysanthemum being a symbolic flower for the protagonist, Elisa Allen. The story is set during the Great Depression, and therefore marriage by arrangement was common in agricultural areas, as finding food and shelter were more important than childhood ambitions, as Elisa learned the hard way. Symbols are used to convey a particular meaning constantly in the Chrysanthemums, the flowersRead More The Work of Langston Hughes Essay1323 Words   |  6 PagesThe Work of Langston Hughes Langston Hughes is considered by many readers to be the most significant black poet of the twentieth century. He is described as  ³...the beloved author of poems steeped in the richness of African American culture, poems that exude Hughes ¹s affection for black Americans across all divisions of region, class, and gender. ² (Rampersad 3) His writing was both depressing and uplifting at times. His poetry, spanning five decades from 1926 to 1967, reflected the changing blackRead MoreThe Downfall of Macbeth Essay1239 Words   |  5 Pageshis life, until the three witches tell him, hail to thee, Thane of Cawdor, thou shalt be King hereafter. (I, iii.). After hearing this, Macbeth and Banquo, his loyal friend, find out that King Duncan has indeed bestowed upon him the title Thane of Cawdor. The two friends contemplate how the rest of the prophecy could come true. The witches also advise them that Banquos son would be King one day. Macbeth writes a letter to Lady Macbeth explaining what has happened. Read MoreNight Study Questions2598 Words   |  11 Pagesnot the Middle Ages. Since the war seemed so far away the Jews of Sighet remained optimistic despite Moishe the Beadles warnings. To many of them, including Eliezers father, it was not worth liquidating their lives in Sighet to move to another country over the possibility of what Hitler promised. Even as the German army came closer and closer the townspeople did not believe the Germans would come that far for strategic and political reasons. 4. Discuss why Eliezer lied to Stein, his relativeRead More Biblical Figures and Ideals in Shakespeares Richard II Essay4152 Words   |  17 Pagesdisparity between the perceived will of God and the way in which the events unfold creates trouble in the minds of the characters and the audience. Shakespeare makes it clear that this is not just a simple switch of power, rather a series of events whose meanings and effects penetrate far deeper than the mere surface of the story. Although not as advanced in its stagecraft as many of Shakespeares other plays, the intricate web of metaphor and poetry in Richard II makes it perhaps the most meaningful

Similarity and Coyote Free Essays

Martinez, Jose Per. 2 9-14-12 â€Å"Coyote and the Buffalo† and â€Å"Fox and Coyote and Whale† are both trickster tales in the Native American culture. These trickster tales do share similarities; however they do share a difference as well. We will write a custom essay sample on Similarity and Coyote or any similar topic only for you Order Now The similarities between these two trickster tales is that they explain why the world is how it is, and they present morale teachings, but the difference in these is how Coyote is portrayed in the trickster tales. One similarity that these two trickster tales have is that they explain why the world is how it is. For example in â€Å"Coyote and the Buffalo† Coyote kills the young cow that was given to him by Buffalo Bull as food, then he goes to Buffalo Bull to ask for another one, but the young cow that Coyote had killed has returned from the dead and refuses to go with him and Buffalo Bull also denies him another one. This explains why there are no buffalo in the Kettle Falls on the Columbia River, all because of Coyote. In â€Å"Fox and Coyote and Whale† Fox and Coyote go after Fox’s wife who was kidnapped by Whale. After Fox and Coyote rescue her, Fox cuts off Whale’s head and tosses it into the ocean and that is why whales don’t live in the rivers and Whale could no longer make love to the wives of other men. The trickster tale also explains why Land People and Water people don’t love each other because Fox killed Whale. Another similarity between these two trickster tales is the moral teachings. The moral teaching in â€Å"Coyote and the Buffalo† is to not be greedy. An example would be when Coyote killed the young cow for more food because he was tired of eating the fat of the young cow and as a result he gets the remains of the young cow stolen and is soon left with nothing. In â€Å"Fox and Coyote and Whale† the moral is to be helpful and selfless. An example would be when Fox and Coyote set on a quest to rescue Fox’s wife from Whale. In the end Fox ends up getting his wife back because Coyote was selfless and helpful. The difference is how Coyote is portrayed in these trickster tales. In â€Å"Coyote and the Buffalo† Coyote can be seen as a coward because when he his in a tree with Buffalo Bull on the ground trying to knock the tree down and trying to kill him Coyote bargains with Buffalo Bull that if he spares his life he will make him new horns. However, in â€Å"Fox and Coyote and Whale† Coyote can be seen as a hero. He helps his brother, Fox, rescue his wife. In the first trickster tale he is seen as someone who only helps himself unlike in the second one he is seen as someone who helps his brother. In conclusion, both of these tales are similar, but they do have at least one difference. What they have in common can be seen in how they explain why the world is the way it is and moral teachings. They do, however, have a difference and its how the character Coyote is portrayed in each trickster tale. How to cite Similarity and Coyote, Papers

Important Role in the Nursing Profession-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Importance of research study that is being Conducted by the researchers in an Australian University. Answer: Research plays an important role in the nursing profession and helps the nursing professionals to provide a quality care to all their patients. This report critically appraises a research article which would demonstrate the importance of research study that is being conducted by the researchers in an Australian University. The title of the research article that is chosen for the study is Registered nurses reflections on bioscience courses during the undergraduate nursing programme: an exploration study(Haber, 2017). Title The title of the research article is Registered nurses reflections on bioscience courses during the undergraduate nursing programme: an exploration study.The title of the research article is very clear and involves the use of simple words so that it can be understood by the reader in an easy manner. The title is straight forward and not written in a poor manner so that it does not confuse the readers. It consists of several keywords such as nurses and bioscience which would allow the reader to understand the content in the article in a precise manner(Haber, 2017). Abstract The aims and the objectives and the main purposeofresearch can be identified in a clear manner in the abstract.The aims and the objectives are written in a non-technical language and can be interpreted in a simpler manner.The background of the research article is concise which helps the reader to understand the topic effectively.In the background, the researcher has identified the importance of the aims and the objectives of the research topic and why this research is required(LoBiondo-Wood, Haber, Singh, 2017).It allows the reader to understand the conceptual framework of the research. It can be seen from the information present in the background that the research has been conducted thoroughly and proper research methods have been used in the study.The abstract briefly explains the methods and the results obtained after conducting the research.A reader can clearly decipher that the article seems interesting or not by reading the abstract of this research article. It also highlights the necessary key factors in the research study.The flow in the abstract is logical and be understood by the reader without any effort(Parahoo, 2014). Introduction The introduction section presents the content present in the abstract in an elaborated manner and provides the main idea of the research to the readers.It provides a purpose of conducting the research study.The introduction is presented well by the researcher and includes the main aimof the research study that is the reflection of the students related to bioscience course during their course of study and its relationship with the current situation,that is when they are working as a registered nurse (Andrew, McVicar Henderson, 2015).It also covers the three aspects of bioscience during their nursing programme, namely the volume of bioscience learning especially related to other nursing courses;how bioscience was related to clinical practice; and atwhat stage in their programme did they believe bioscience courses should have been taught(Rossman, 2014). Background The background of the research article contains the research that has been conducted by the scientists in the previous years.It includes the research study that was conducted on the graduates from USA for a short period of time (8-24 months).A majority of the students responded that the bioscience course had prepared them to perform well as registered nurse but around a quarter of students felt the need of a better understanding of the subject. Together,this shows that within a short period of time of working as a registered nurses, they had low con?dence in understanding bio-science course.There was another research study that was conductedin Sweden in which nurses were interviewed for an year after completing their graduation degree. They explained that they had a lack of con?dence and had low knowledge of bioscience course especially such as anatomy(Andrew, McVicar, Henderson, 2015). There are also research studies of registered nurses who have previously worked around ?ve years in the UK revealed that they face several issues during the application of bioscience course in nursing profession due to a lack of confidence.For example,nurses were very con?dent of their bioscience knowledge, yet had only moderate con?dence in their ability to explain it to patients(Angel, 2014).The researcher has mentioned research studies that have been conducted in the previous years. Although, most of the articles presented in the research article are valid and in accordance to the topic of the research article but it can be observed that a few articles are out of date and the researcher would have used the articles with in a time frame of at least 10 years(LoBiondo-Wood, Haber, Singh, 2017). Also, background does not include the findings obtained from the nursing graduates of other universities necessity to be embedded within the curriculum and assessment for students to appreciate the relevance for their future clinical practice.The background includes the experience of registered nurses who have worked for an average of 15 years also did not had proper knowledge of bioscience.For instance, the nursing staff in the UK who had bioscience as a subject in their cur-riculum of graduate degree did not had proper knowledge of bioscience before coming into the profession of nursing(Davis2010). Methodology This research article involves the use of both the quantitative and qualitative methods. Both the methods seem appropriatefor this type of research. Qualitative method is used because as the researcher is trying to analyse the experience and reflection of the nursing students which act as participants in this research study.Qualitative research helps the individuals to understand what people do and the reason of doing so.The research study also involves the use of quantitative methods such as statistical methods including mean, standard deviation instead of only focusing on the responses given by the nurses and their opinion about the topic(Pfaff, Baxter, Ploeg, 2014). The first part of the questionnaire (quantitative) was divided into five themes that consisted of statements related to bioscience subject of undergraduate level . The five themes were (1) the expectations of students from bioscience courses, items 16; (2) the content related to bioscience , items 712; (3) the approach followed by students to learn bioscience, items 1318; (4) learning methods followed for assessment, items 1924; and (5) the relevance of the subject according to their present clinical practice, items 2530(LoBiondo-Wood, Haber, Singh, 2017). The second part of the questionnaire (qualitative) demonstrated the reflections of nurses of bioscience courses that were newly registered during their nursing programme by as king them a few questions such as (1) What challenges did you face during learning bioscience? (2) Why they acted as challenges for you?; (3) Did you gain proper knowledge of bioscience that is required to practice as a registered nurse? (4) Do you remember bioscience course that was taught in the university? Also, a yes/no answer was being for the following question (5) Do you prefer bioscience being taught in the third year at this university? The space for answering the questions was provided so that the participants provide detailed responses to the questions(Poth, 2017). However, in this article, only 22 candidates were taken in to account to complete the study which is a very small sample size to reach to a proper conclusion. The setting in which the research study was conducted is not mentioned in the research article .This can lead to a negative impact on the results obtained, as it mayaffect the emotions of the participan. It is also possible that the nursing students do not feel comfortable in the setting in which they are asked to fill up the questionnaire(Parahoo, 2014). It may lead to nervousness and anxiety among them and they might end up marking the wrong answer.This in turn may lead to a changed results of the study which would make it false and biased.The research article does not mention properly that which researcher developed the questionnaire. Ethics Ethical principles have been followed by the team of researchers as the study was given approval by the University Human Grants EthicalCommittee.But the research article does not provide a clear approach of which of ethical issueshave been taken into consideration specially, regardingthe participants. There is also no justification mentioned about it. It is known that there are no ethical issuesthat mainly focus on the welfare of the participants,but the researchers fail to provide information about informed consent before conducting the research study. The informed consent was taken from each candidate as they acted as volunteeresin the research study after they submitted the questionnaires.Informed consent involves providing accurate informationto the participants regarding the research study that is being conducted. Data collection strategies The strategy used in collecting the data was accurate and proper.The data was collected from 22 nursing students by mailing them questionnaires after 16 months of completion of their graduate degree.This was done so as to make sure that they are able to relate the questions that were being included in the questionnaire with their current nursing practice. The researcher wanted this research study to be conducted after the nursing students have worked as a registered nurse for atleast 6 months(Poth, 2017).Hence, they would be able to provide their reflection on bioscience course in a more effective and efficient manner. The design questionnaire was developed using a Likert scale in which the statements were based on several themes. (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree).This was developed by Craft et al. (2013) questionnaire which analysed the perception of bioscience by the first year students. Data analysis The quantitative responses obtained were analysed using SPSS version 20 for Windows .The data analysis was done by using Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy and Bartletts test of Sphericity.Both the types of methods are considered appropriate for such type of study.Statistical methods were used such as mean, standard deviations and frequency distribution was calculated. Results The results in the research article are presented well and both the qualitative and quantitative results were presented well in a tabulated form.This makes the reader to understand the results in an easy manner. According to a quantitative question, a small number of nursing candidates agreed that they have learnt the body organ systems but they do not have a proper knowledge of the integration of these organs systems that are present in the body.The results obtained from the qualitative responses show that a few students found the course of bioscience hard to memorize and understand around 82 % of the respondents working as a registered nurse, bioscience course should be taught in the 3rd year of their graduate degree. Hence, the overall results in this research paper shows that the nurses who were graduated from a nursing course recently led to a conclusion that the bioscience course was very difficult for them to understand and included a lot of content due to which they were unable to prepare wellfor the exam in a short span of time.According to the registered nurses the syllabus of bioscience course in their graduate degree was vast as compared to the nursing course(Rossman, 2014).But they required adeeper understanding of the subject while working as a nurse to perform well in their profession and provide quality care to patients.The course of bioscience wasa challenge for the nursing students during their undergraduate programme, and they lacked con?dence in explaining it in relation to nursing.The significance of relating bioscience content to the practice of nursing was demonstrated in an extensive manner through proper written responses. Conclusion The conclusion is presented well in this research article and it summarizes the entire research study.This research study is conducted in an appropriate manner with proper results that can be used in future as well.The information present in the aims and thebackground section is presented well and ample reasons are provided by the researcher in conducting the study.The results are analysed effectively and supported by a proper discussion.A limitation which can be observed in this article is the minimum number of respondents taken throughout the study. There are various other limitations such as the researchers fail to explain the setting which they have taken while conducting the study.According to the research article, the registered nurses who participated in the study that was conducted clearly understood the importance bioscience and its relation in their clinical practice.The respondents provided proper examples of applications of bioscience course in the workplace when bioscien ce knowledge was critical.Overall, these recently registered nurses re?ected that the bioscience courses in their undergraduate pro-gramme had more content than nursing courses(Angel, 2014). There is a need to conduct further research by taking a large number of candidates and to modify other limitations which can be observed in this research article.Since there is need of research in the future, the reader should not take into account the results obtained from this study only.However, it would be definitely play a significant role while conducting the research in the future.By conducting this research study, it has given insight into the problems faced by the nursing students in their professional career.This research educates and improves the knowledge of the reader which is important in providing quality and a patient centered care to the patients within the nursing profession.In this research study, it can be con?rmed that the importance of bioscience has been understood by the registered nurses which can be used in future research studies. References Andrew, S., McVicar, A., Zanganeh, M., Henderson, N. (2015). Self?efficacy and relevance of bioscience for nursing, midwifery and healthcare students.Journal of clinical nursing,24(19-20), 2965-2972. DOI: 10.1111/jocn.12933. Craft, J. A., Hudson, P. B., Plenderleith, M. B., Gordon, C. J. (2017). Enrolled nurses entering undergraduate studies at second year to become registered nursesA mixed methods study on commencing perceptions of bioscience.Collegian,24(4), 317-324 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2016.05.002 Craft, J., Hudson, P., Plenderleith, M., Wirihana, L., Gordon, C. (2013). Commencing nursing students' perceptions and anxiety of bioscience.Nurse Education Today,33(11), 1399-1405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2012.10.020 Creswell, J. W., Poth, C. N. (2017).Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage publications. https://books.google.co.in/books LoBiondo-Wood, G., Haber, J. (2017).Nursing Research-E-Book: Methods and Critical Appraisal for Evidence-Based Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. https://books.google.co.in/books Logan, P. A., Angel, L. (2014). Exploring Australian Undergraduate Pre-Registration Nursing Curricula: Where Do Science Subjects Fit?.Journal of Learning Design,7(2), 62-84.https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1040485 Marshall, C., Rossman, G. B. (2014).Designing qualitative research. Sage publications. https://books.google.co.in/books. Parahoo, K. (2014).Nursing research: principles, process and issues. Palgrave Macmillan. https://books.google.co.in/books Pfaff, K. A., Baxter, P. E., Jack, S. M., Ploeg, J. (2014). Exploring new graduate nurse confidence in interprofessional collaboration: A mixed methods study.International journal of nursing studies,51(8), 1142-1152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2014.01.001