Syllogism Essay - 1235 Words

William Rodas Professor Sullivan English 1B 8 May 2014 â€Å"The Wandering Woman† Throughout the â€Å"The Wandering Women in Rebecca† article by Richard Armstrong, the author uses a myriad of rhetorical devices in order to present this phenomenal piece of literature to a diverse audience. The phenomenal story was made into a movie, which focuses on the story based of Rebecca. The film begins in Monte Carlo on France’s Mediterranean coast. Not only is every character introduced with a distinctive and unique personality, but we also see the interaction and bonds between one another. We are briefly introduced to Maxim, a rich and handsome character, and Rebecca, who has been described as being paranoid and languorous. Next, we are introduced to†¦show more content†¦The way she dresses lacks the reinforcement of her role in society because she simply does not dress to impress, but rather just to stay comfortable making the connection between her asexuality and the label the author gives her as a vicar’s daughter as valid syllogism. Neve rtheless the soundness of the syllogism is also true and valid. Mrs. de Winter cannot find her identity in the house in which a worldly man’s wife should. A wife should be able to take control over the house, but as it shown in the article that Mrs. Danvers has all the power in the house still making Mrs. de Winter feel powerless. The validity and soundness of the first paragraph leads to the next syllogism in the article. â€Å"Rebecca belongs less to Maxim than to Mrs. Danvers and the second Mrs. de Winter, and beneath its surface lurk feeling too powerful to be contained either by the moral code governing the Hollywood melodrama at the time or the aesthetics which shaped the melodrama† (133-134). It can be argued from this text that this in fact is not entirely true. The soundness of the syllogism is not entirely true because Rebecca use to go to the boathouse, which is the place that she used to entertain her lovers and she also used to dress up as one of Maxim’s ancestors. We then see how the second Mrs. de Winter attempts to do exactly what Rebecca did, but only to find out that she fails to succeed like Rebecca did. Mrs. de Winters insisted on going toShow MoreRelated Heidegger and the Logic of Categorical Syllogisms Essay1180 Words   |  5 PagesHeidegger and the Logic of Categorical Sy llogisms      Ã‚  Ã‚   According to traditional syllogistic logic, which has its roots in Aristotle, there are four types of propositions: the A proposition (All S are P), the E proposition (No S are P), the I proposition (Some S are P), and the O proposition (Some S are not P). These propositional types represent all of the possible combinations of the dichotomies of affirmative/negative and universal/particular. Each makes a claim that a certain essentRead MoreEssay on Benefits of a Tax on High Fat Foods747 Words   |  3 Pagesmethod of doubt to investigate the truth of things, in which he wanted to be critical and generated four rules that he would use as guidance. With his method, he suspends judgment and prejudices to obtain better results. Descartes argues that despite syllogisms has truth in logic, it still has something defective, which is predominantly the multiplicity of rules. These rules might bring immorality and confusion, thus prevent him for arriving at the knowledge of thing s because it might bring more doubtRead MoreEveryday Decisions Essay1390 Words   |  6 Pageslogic, which was first formulated by Aristotle. He developed rules for correct syllogistic reasoning. There are four forms of statements to form a syllogism: a universal affirmative (All As are Bs); universal negative (No As are Bs); particular affirmative (Some As are Bs); and particular negative (Some As are not Bs). In a well-formed syllogism there are two premises and a conclusion. Modern logic covers a far greater range of possible arguments than those that can be cast into syllogisticRead MoreStatement Syllogism_ Approach, Techniques, explained for SBI PO2871 Words   |  12 Pages8/19/13 Mrunal  » [Reasoning] 4-Statement Syllogism: Approach, Techniques, explained for SBI PO (High level reasoning) and UPSC CSAT paper 2  » Print [Reasoning] 4-Statement Syllogism: Approach, Techniques, explained for SBI PO (High level reasoning) and UPSC CSAT paper 2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Introduction Recap: 2 statement Complimentary case Approaching 4 statement syllogism Case#1 : Stick, lamps, power, dresses, shirts Case#2: Bird, Horse, Tiger, Lion Monkey Case#3: Bench, Wall, HouseRead MoreEssay about Probabilist - Deductive Inference in Gassendis Logic3546 Words   |  15 Pagesnondeductive inference in empirical reasoning: demonstrative syllogism. Thus, in resolution—the seeking of a things causes given the evidence of its effects—he recognizes the critical role of inferring general claims from the particulars of empirical data, not least from what he calls the evidence of signs. And intriguingly, he construes resolution-based claims as merely probable, though we attain them through classically deductive syllogism, because they represent merely possible claims among a fieldRead More Teaching Argument Evaluation in An Introductory Philosophy Course3647 Words   |  15 Pagesinevitable given the specialized needs of studying logic as only one part of the terms work — and in terms of class time, only a small part. All the same, term logic has surprising breadth when it is adapted to accommodate enthymemes and ch ain syllogisms, and the system outlined below is adapted to do precisely that. (3) (4) It is in its potential for depth and evaluative power that a system of term logic may be recommended over sentential logic. These two considerations (depth and evaluativeRead MoreCategorical Proposition, Categorical, And Categorical Statement1393 Words   |  6 Pagesor categorical statement, is a proposition that declares or denies that all or particular of the members of one type (the subject term) are comprised in another (the establish term). The study of opinions consuming categorical statements (i.e., syllogisms) forms a significant branch of deductive reasoning that initiated with the Ancient Greeks. The Ancient Greeks such as Aristotle recognized four primary distinct kinds of Categorical Proposition and provided them standard forms (now regularly termedRead MoreInvestigating the ‚Äà ²Belief Bias‚Äà ´ Effect in Human Reasoning2935 Words   |  12 PagesBelief biases were observed despite controls for conversion of premises. Belief bias was sho wn to be more marked in the invalid than the valid syllogisms. This consistent interaction between belief and logic was also noted. However, participants were intermediate in there response to syllogisms that were valid but had unbelievable conclusions. For 8 syllogisms presented, responses were collected as to whether the conclusion followed logically form the premises or not and a 2-factor ANOVA was performedRead MoreSyllogisms Logic Essay679 Words   |  3 PagesUniversity of Phoenix Material Syllogisms Logic PART I: SYLLOGISMS To be a valid syllogism, the conclusion must be proven by the reasons. Carefully study the following syllogisms and decide if they are valid or invalid: 1. All zebras are striped animals. No zebras are polar bears. Therefore, no polar bears are striped animals. 2. All clowns are funny individuals. Some sad people are clowns. Therefore, some sad people are funny individuals. 3. Some stickyRead MoreSyllogisms in English Literature478 Words   |  2 PagesPart 1 - Syllogism: All the mean people are creatures that are not pleasant Only creatures that are not pleasant are creatures that will be disliked A syllogism is an argument in which one issue is inferred from two or more premises. For instance, in the above examples we see: There are mean people All mean people are creatures All mean people are creatures who are not pleasant Therefore, all mean people are unpleasant Creatures may be pleasant or unpleasant Creatures may be liked or disliked

Descriptive Essay On Roses - 2220 Words

Purple Petals Paris is in shambles. The town square, once full of laughter and music and dancing is barren and silent. Window sills that were bursting with brightly colored flowers of all sizes, with petals as soft as silk, now hang limp and lifeless, their owners no longer worried with such trivial luxuries. The air, instead of being ripe with the smell of a new spring, of warm rain showers and the bliss of sunshine after months of winter’s darkness is replaced with the sour, acrid stench of death. As if the sewage ridden streets and piles of bodies that grow daily on every street corner aren’t sufficient on their own. I hold a small container of strawberries tightly in my lap, not moving anything for fear that the handkerchief that†¦show more content†¦Mama always insists we get them for her famous strawberry turnovers, the one gift I ask for every year. Every year we return to find a single purple rose hanging from the door post, and after Mama has prepared the turnovers we leave them to warm over the small fire set in the middle of the cottage and walk to the secluded patch, picking violets until my mother’s and I skirts sag with the weight of them all and I am sure that Papa’s and Denis’s pockets are going to burst at the seams if they stuff even one more petal in. I am filled with excitement just thinking about the laughter filled trek to the flower patch and my mouth beings to water as I am reminded of the sweet, sugary scent that has filled the room by the time we return. It is these thoughts and memories that prompt me to sit up taller, my eyes searching for the pop of purple that will tell us everything’s just as it should be. But it isn’t there. My eyes burn by the time I finally allow myself to blink, and I tell myself that when I open my them again it will be there. But it isn’t and before I even know I am crying, tears are falling down my face, my heart heavy with the fear of the worst. â€Å"Papa,† I whisper, my voice barely more than a wisp of air. â€Å"It’s alright cheri, don’t assume the worst until you have reason to.† But though his wordsShow MoreRelatedDescriptive Essay : Dark Roses1263 Words   |  6 PagesDark Roses Grey skies, grey clouds, it was raining, and it was quiet in my room. Slow soft music played while I lay on the bed daydreaming. The whole house was asleep. It was 7:34 AM, I always wondered, how my new school is gonna be like, I moved from Wisconsin to L.A in the summer, and I settled in, ready for this school. I slowly doze off while listening to the music, it was peaceful. But I couldn’t bare sleeping again, I stood up, making a huge creak sound from my bed. My eyes were droopy, andRead MoreThe Use Of Cross Curricular Teaching Benefited The Children915 Words   |  4 Pages For the next part of my essay I am going to discuss a lesson I taught in school, and how I feel my use of cross-curricular teaching benefited the children. The processes beforehand involved looking at my long term planning, and think about the links I could make to produce lessons within the classroom. Working through cross-curricular lessons did save me a lot of time on planning, linking to views by John Rose, giving me a more time to think about my lessons. Inspiring a more enthusiastic approachRead MoreAnalysis of Desert Rose Essay examples1206 Words   |  5 PagesFor my analysis essay, I chose the song Desert Rose written and performed by Sting. Cheb Mami also wrote and performed the Arabic part of th e song. The genre of the song is pop and â€Å"Desert Rose† was released in 1999 but it was well known around 2000 due to its music video which was used in a Jaguar auto mobile commercial. I chose this song because Sting and Cheb Mami speak of longing and desire which is what every human being feels at some point in their lives. In life people always want somethingRead MoreEthical and Psychological Hedonism Essay1395 Words   |  6 Pageshedonism. These two theories are similar at their foundations (soon to be discussed) but when defined in terms of values, one is descriptive and the other is normative. Neither ethical nor psychological hedonism is perfect, I believe, though each has important strengths which offer the basis for discussion. Additionally, some arguments and ideas presented by Robert Nozick in his essay â€Å"The Experience Machine† prove relevant to the discussion of hedonism, where Nozick concludes by disagreeing with the hedonist’sRead MoreThe Legacy Of The New World1639 Words   |  7 Pagesstopped it to prosper, but also have helped to destroy it and pull it apart. Patrick’s arguments of the destruction of America are actually very accurate and effective. Audience and purpose are clearly defined in â€Å"Deconstructing America.† Patrick’s essay is aimed towards all conservative white Americans who are opposed to the idea that America should be diverse. He establishes his disagreement against diversity by saying that the British conquerors transformed America into a powerful nation becauseRead MoreThe Mind And Page : Remedial Writers And Cognitive Reductionism By Mike Rose968 Words   |  4 PagesMike Rose In this article, Rose argues against theories that have long claimed that â€Å"unsuccessful writers think in fundamentally different ways from successful writers† (325). He rejects Watkin’s theory that basic writers are field dependent learners, meaning they have difficulty abstracting information outside of their own experience; instead, Rose argues that basic writers’ responses to written assignments are a reflection of how they communicate in their own culture and environment. Rose feelsRead MoreKilling Daniel761 Words   |  4 PagesExpository text argumentative essay, killing Daniel written by Helen garner Question: non-fiction texts make comment on contemporary Australian society. Discuss. The function of an Expository text is to make comment on society in order to educate us on a world that we don’t have much experience with. The non-fiction text Killing Daniel written by Helen Garner, comments on contemporary Australian society by examining our refusal to open our eyes to brutal reality. Helen Garner exposes the horrificRead MoreThe Voice of Faulkner in A Rose for Emily858 Words   |  3 PagesThe purpose of this essay is to describe and reflect on the vast array of emotions revealed by the tone in the short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner. The obvious tones used in â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is a sense of fear, curiosity, gloom and terror along with the more subtle irony, guilt, and complicity and resistance to change. Faulkner’s layout for this story was genius he left elusive clues for the reader with the use of foreshadowing and flashbacks yet the complex chronology addedRead MoreHot Tortillas By Ofelia Zepeda1389 Words   |  6 PagesENG-356 Essay #3 Ofelia Zepeda offers an intimate account of the Sonora people, which relies on the narrative of a family interaction. She also emphasizes the vicarious learning occurred within the home. Meanwhile, Wendy Rose presents an open-ended quest to revive the progressively losing Hopi s history, stressing the need to proselytize or propagate Native American s history outside the boundary of the family. Therefore, both poems diverge in the imagery used to validate their messages. Read MoreThe Death Of Dying Is Never Lovely1173 Words   |  5 Pages A Barrier to Death Dying is never lovely. Mary Roach, defines in her essay, â€Å"Don’t Jump†, the mania from the sensation of her dropping from a precipice. The fall would have resulted in certain death if not for the attached cable halting her torso, SPLAT! Suggesting in the essay, â€Å"That jumping-off San Francisco’s Golden Gate Bridge would be a lovely way to go† (Roach, 2001). There are people that are desperate in life and choose this picturesque setting; the beauty of protruding boulders stippled

Design Of An Aquatic Centre Construction Essay Example For Students

Design Of An Aquatic Centre Construction Essay This undertaking study aims at the design and building of an aquatic Centre at Vellore Institute of Technology ( VIT ) in India. The completion clip of the undertaking is expected to be around March 20th, 2011.The four stages of Project Management Body of Knowledge ( PMBOK ) are used in the building and planning of undertaking. Besides the different countries of PMBOK such as range, clip, cost, quality, hazard, procurance, human resource, communicating and integrating are applied for transporting out the different stages of undertaking. Undertaking Description The mark of the undertaking is to construct an aquatic Centre for swimming, diversion and amusement activities dwelling of a 50 meter Olympic sized swimming pool and an bordering smaller pool for aqua aerobic exercises, plunging, H2O Polo and canoe Polo activities. Undertaking Name The undertaking name is assigned as VIT Aquatic Centre . Undertaking Location The location of the undertaking is designated at Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. Undertaking proprietor and patron The Aquatic Centre is under the ownership of VIT University, Vellore, who besides acts as the undertaking sponsor chiefly for the coordination between the undertaking squad and the proprietor. The undertaking is financially powered by ICICI Bank and HSBC Bank in India along with the Reliance group. Undertaking Manager Bianca Baby, Sajeev Philips Abraham and Chen are chosen as the undertaking directors officially by the VIT University whose chief undertaking is to guarantee undertaking completion on clip within the restraints and restrictions of undertaking. Undertaking Vision Concluding end of the undertaking is to construct a modern aquatic Centre appropriate for swimming, diversion and amusement activities to the members of VIT University. The Phase of Project The undertaking is calculated to get down at the starting of 2nd semester of 2010 and the undertaking continuance is estimated to be about one twelvemonth. By the beginning of 2011 June the aquatic Centre is expected to be unfastened to the members of VIT University. The undertaking will be carried during the vacations other than the public vacations. After the undertaking completion an review by the University s schoolmaster is organized which is expected to take about 5 yearss. Before the gap a general cleansing of the premises will be ensured. Outline1 Users and stakeholders:2 9.1. Purpose of the undertaking3 9.2. Context of the undertaking4 9.3. Background of the undertaking5 9.4. Implementation construct of the undertaking6 9.5. Technology7 9.6. Undertaking Scope8 13. The value proposition for patron9 14. Constraints and Premises10 14.1 Constraints11 14.2 Premises12 15. How stages can ease bringing of future stages13 20. Cost Management:14 20.1 Cost Budget Estimation15 20.2 Cost Control Users and stakeholders: User Students, instructors and staffs of VIT University Contractor Hindustan Construction Company Saf Engineers, India Suppliers Ultra Hygienic Pvt. Ltd. Crystal Pools Pune, India Akon Electronics India Pvt Ltd Kirloskar Electric Owner VIT University 9.1. Purpose of the undertaking The chief aim of the undertaking is to build an aquatic Centre where the pupils and staff of VIT University can pattern assorted swimming, amusement and recreational activities. The aquatic Centre is aimed to hold a larger swimming pool adjoined by a smaller pool which is planned to be constructed in the Olympic size theoretical account with all the most modern techniques. 9.2. Context of the undertaking The chief intent of building the aquatic Centre is to advance H2O games at the VIT University. 9.3. Background of the undertaking As the involvement on H2O games has increased in the recent times, VIT University aims at giving particular preparation and most modern aquatic Centre installations to the pupils interested in this country with the execution of this aquatic Centre. Besides, aquatic Centre is viewed as an effectual method for disbursement leisure clip for pupils and staffs of VIT University. The university which has a long tally even though has a liquid pool does nt include modern techniques for pupils to pattern the H2O sports.Also, the old swimming pool is really little and frequently finds hard to suit a big figure. Othello (2470 words) EssayTable: 3 Internal Cost Estimation Component Number of people working Pay rate per hr Hours worked Entire Cost ( AUS $ ) Floor Tiling 50 30 4000 950,000,000 Grapevines N/A N/A N/A 80,000,000 Dressing Suites N/A N/A N/A 4,000,000 Plumbers and Electricians 50 30 2000 3,000,000 Bet oning Area N/A N/A N/A 80,000,000 Seating Agreements N/A N/A N/A 10,000,000 Heating and Cooling N/A N/A N/A 20,000,000 Lighting N/A N/A N/A 40,000,000 Supervisors 20 20 2000 800,000 Directors 20 30 2000 1,200,000 Sub-staffs 50 10 2000 1,000,000 Sub-Total 1,190,000,000 Table: 3 External Cost Estimation Component Number of people working Pay rate per hr Hours worked Entire Cost ( AUS $ ) Measurement of aquatic Centre business country 40 20 2500 2,000,000 Transportation system and Emergency N/A 100 2000 200,000 Security steps 4 20 2500 200,000 Cleaning, healthful and waste disposal 10 10 2000 200,000 Planing and having layout 12 20 200 5,000 Standardization of installations 14 10 300 3,000 Equipments installing and testing 10 10 200 5000 Inspection 20 10 300 4000 Fundamental Civil Construction of aquatic Centre 15 10 200 5,000 Parking Space N/A N/A N/A 2,000,000 Sub Total 4,600,000 20.2 Cost Control A set of mention baselines is established by the undertaking director before get downing the undertaking. In the ulterior phases as the work progresses, the work is monitored and findings are analysed. The terminal consequences are tried to be forecasted and a comparing with the mention baseline is done. On analyzing if the terminal consequences are non found to be satisfactory, accommodations are made by the cost control squad during the work advancement, thereby reiterating the rhythm at required intervals. If end consequences are wholly different from the baseline thought or program, program is subjected to alter by the patrons. Largely, mention baselines are subjected to alterations and whenever this happens a alteration in baseline program is occurred. In practical facets cost control of undertaking is a small hard which is clearly evidenced by the failure of many undertakings to overlook the costs. Preparation of cost control involves a batch of work and this should be good started at the beginning of the undertaking. Therefore undertaking director must be able to keep the yarn of undertaking cost control during the full undertaking span. It is duty of the undertaking director to maintain records of major paperss including Business Case, Capital Request Approvisation, Work Packages, and Work Breakdown Structure, Project charter, Project Budget and Cost Baseline constructions. All these actions indirectly contribute in efficaciously commanding the undertaking cost to the mention baseline approximated.

Treatment of escapism in “A Street car named desire” by Tennessee Williams and “Death Of a Salesman” by Arthur Miller Essay Example For Students

Treatment of escapism in â€Å"A Street car named desire† by Tennessee Williams and â€Å"Death Of a Salesman† by Arthur Miller Essay The two plays â€Å"A Street Car Named Desire† and â€Å"The Death of a Salesman† show the extreme desperation wrought in the lives of the protagonists-Blanche Dubois and Willy Loman. The playwrights give the audience an insight into the social and cultural background of their work so as to have a better understanding behind the tragedy of these characters. Blanche and Willy Loman are characters that are stuck up with their fantasies and imaginations, and as a result they escape the harsh realities of life. Blanche tries to hide her past, thinking that there exists an â€Å"Elysian Fields† (paradise where she can regain her joy) her in New Orleans. She lives in dreams and illusions, and tries her utmost to erase her past. But she forgets that she is not a part of the new America, and hence the more she pretends to be safer the more she is endangering herself. She loses her balance of mind and ends up in a lunatic asylum. We will write a custom essay on Treatment of escapism in â€Å"A Street car named desire† by Tennessee Williams and â€Å"Death Of a Salesman† by Arthur Miller specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Willy Loman is never able to confront his failure as a Salesman, and lives in the American dream. He tries to cover his failure through a number of show off, and harbors false hopes for his sons. Realizing that he is a broke, and that his sons are not tailor made to become salesmen, he commits suicide. Thus the two characters have been portrayed by the playwrights as escapists, who are willing to compromise more with their consciences than reconcile to the realities of lives. They escape not knowing that the more they are running to their fantasy worlds the more they are drowning themselves in the bog of reality. Desire and imagination lead them to death whether literal or metaphorical. The dramatists are successful in showing that such a tragic ending is the only solution to characters that are escapists. The American dramatists â€Å"Tennessee Williams† and â€Å"Arthur Miller† deal with the theme of escapism in their respective plays. Escapism is not an uncommon theme in the American plays of the 19th century. American drama during this era often showed the hopelessness of characters that could not live up to their hopes and expectations. But more than dealing with the theme of escapism I have chosen these American plays to analyze how playwrights’ treatment of this theme is different in each play. I feel that this research question is very significant, as it will help me understand the characters that tend to be escapists in their particular circumstances. This assignment will also bring forth the social and cultural atmosphere prevailing in America at that time. I will try to show that the characters of Blanche Dubois and Willy Loman are no ordinary characters; they have a lot of heroic element despite the odds swaying their destinies. Is it not heroic that un til the denouement of the play they have hopes? They depart physically or metaphorically from the stage optimistically, lost in their illusions, never once caring for their sufferings on body and soul. The characters-Blanche and Loman, although flawed, have substance that makes them unforgettable character heroes of the American Stage. In order to analyze the question how they take subterfuge of escapism, this essay will explore the settings, structure, symbols, characters and theatrical devices as used by the two dramatists. In order to better understand the difference in their treatment to the theme of escapism I will make use of the autobiographical accounts of the dramatists, and try to relate them to the tragedies of their protagonists. The stage directions are also of a great help while understanding what goes in the mind of the protagonists at the final hour. A thorough study of the life of â€Å"Tennessee Williams† reveals a number of incidents that appear to have been cast in his masterpiece â€Å"A Streetcar Named Desire.† His life during the Second World War is a contrast between the opposites. He has to shift from Mississippi to New Orleans, the south, far removed from the grandeur of the Mississippi. There can be drawn a parallel between his journey and Blanche’s journey to New Orleans. His homosexuality makes him an outlier in The American society, and he takes refuge in New Orleans, where alcoholism, prostitution and homosexuality are condoned. Blanche’s life is destroyed by the suicide of her homosexual husband, and subsequently by her misdemeanors, and therefore she too has to migrate to the New Orleans American society. The â€Å"prefrontal lobotomy on Rose1† can be equated with Blanche’s journey from sanity to insanity, and her psychological breakdown. To sum up all these incidents and events make Williams an escapist, a fugitive and an alcoholic, a trait soon to be witnessed in his play â€Å"A Streetcar Named Desire† in the character of Blanche. 1. Miller too weaves the autobiographical elements in â€Å"Death of a Salesman†, and conjectures the character of Willy Loman after his first hand experience. Like Tennessee, he too had to migrate to Brooklyn, struggling under Great Depression, when his father’s business plunged during the Wall Street Crash. Poverty, Depression and post World War scenario influenced Miller to write a play on the everyday and vulnerable people. â€Å"Death of a Salesman† is a reminder of Miller’s â€Å"riches to ragged childhood†. In the words of his sister Joan, â€Å"Arthur carries scars from that time. It doesnt take a great observer to notice that. It is a memory, in his nerves, and in his muscles, that he just cant get rid of2.† 1. â€Å"Death of a Salesman† is a tragedy of a common man, a tragedy somewhat removed from Aristotelian notions wherein the protagonist is essentially from a noble and elevated background. In his essay â€Å"Tragedy and the Common Man† Miller says, â€Å"today few tragedies are written due to the lack of heroes among us. Approach to the tragedy as being suitable for kings only is archaic, and that the common man can also be a subject of the tragedy3.† Miller’s experience with the harsh realities of life made him write other plays as well such as â€Å"All My Sons†, â€Å"The Crucible†, â€Å"A View From the Bridge†, and â€Å"After the Fall†, all of which revolve around the theme of â€Å"fragility of human relationships—especially between fathers and sons4.† Miller creates the character of Willy Loman after his uncle Newman5, a man who always compared his son, Buddy, with Miller. Newman never accepted the fact that his son was a failure, and had always lived in the illusion that Buddy was doing very well. We can see a parallel between Newman’s elusive approach to his son and Willy’s to his son Biff when he finds that Charley’s son, Bernard has become a Supreme Court advocate. Just as Newman stuck to his illusions, favoring pride over the truth, Willy stuck to his lies and illusions about his sons. The legend of Newman helps Miller write the tragedy of a common man, who cannot see the reality, and as a result must escape in a dream world. Newman and Willy are characters that cannot cope with realities when their â€Å"capitalist belief that if you work hard enough you can be a success in America6† is reduced to ashes. The setting of the play â€Å"A Street Car Named Desire† is vital to what fate has in store for Blanche. Blanche, who grew up on a plantation called Belle Reve, is out of sorts when she faces the crude people living on the Elysian Fields. For her this place is uncivilized, as is natural for a â€Å"Southern Belle.† The contrast between Belle Reve and the Kowalski apartment shows the audience the wide split between illusion and reality. It is here in New Orleans that people of mixed races thrive in poor and clumsy lodgings. It is obvious that the one time owner of Belle Reve cannot cope up with the harsh realities of life. Moreover, the action takes place on the first floor of a two-bedroom apartment, a place without any privacy. This male dominated place is stinking and rotting in the eyes of Blanche, and she cannot put up with the way the men treat their wives. Thus the settings are important in that whatever hopes and prejudice Blanche had on her mind before coming he re are shattered. Since she cannot accommodate herself in this new culture and society, she loses herself in illusions and imaginations. Williams uses a number of symbols and motifs to show how Blanche takes respite in escaping from reality. The very title of the play serves as a device of foreshadowing to the audience. She tells Eunice, â€Å"They told me to take a streetcar named Desire, and then transfer to one called Cemeteries and ride six blocks and get off at – Elysian Fields7†. This quote shows the vulnerable condition of Blanche, and her faith in the words of the strangers. We don’t know who â€Å"they† is but we can understand that Blanche is out of sorts, and full of desire, and she clings to hope like a dying man. Blanche is full of desire to love and to be loved, and it is for this reason she boards the trains â€Å"desire† and â€Å"cemeteries.† â€Å"Elysian Fields† refers to the abode of the dead in Greek mythology. Thus through the title alone the audience can see that Blanche’s journey to New Orleans will be nothing but her metaphorical death. .u47c8baa9cafdc15fbb8f601750157269 , .u47c8baa9cafdc15fbb8f601750157269 .postImageUrl , .u47c8baa9cafdc15fbb8f601750157269 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u47c8baa9cafdc15fbb8f601750157269 , .u47c8baa9cafdc15fbb8f601750157269:hover , .u47c8baa9cafdc15fbb8f601750157269:visited , .u47c8baa9cafdc15fbb8f601750157269:active { border:0!important; } .u47c8baa9cafdc15fbb8f601750157269 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u47c8baa9cafdc15fbb8f601750157269 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u47c8baa9cafdc15fbb8f601750157269:active , .u47c8baa9cafdc15fbb8f601750157269:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u47c8baa9cafdc15fbb8f601750157269 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u47c8baa9cafdc15fbb8f601750157269 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u47c8baa9cafdc15fbb8f601750157269 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u47c8baa9cafdc15fbb8f601750157269 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u47c8baa9cafdc15fbb8f601750157269:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u47c8baa9cafdc15fbb8f601750157269 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u47c8baa9cafdc15fbb8f601750157269 .u47c8baa9cafdc15fbb8f601750157269-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u47c8baa9cafdc15fbb8f601750157269:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The play which Shakespeare wrote was a romantic tragedy called 'Romeo and Juliet' EssayHer family plantation Belle Reve means â€Å"beautiful dreams† and it appears many times in the play how she clings to her dreams and illusions. Her name means â€Å"white woods† a reference to purity and innocence. She maintains and stresses her purity through her dresses before everyone. She uses â€Å"white suit with a fluffy bodice, necklace and earrings of pearl, white gloves and hat8† but Williams compares her to a moth, a short-lived creature that dies when exposed to light. The moth like Blanche keeps herself distant from light, and she uses â€Å"Chinese la nterns† to hide her age and appearance. She hates light and says â€Å"And turn that over-light off! Turn that off! I won’t be looked at in this merciless glare9†. By avoiding light She wants to escape the reality that she is middle aged woman, past her prime, and that truth cannot be hidden. Eventually Mitch becomes suspicious and tears the lantern off to have a look at her in light. This sight is too much for Blanche, and for the first time the audience sees her hatred of the reality of life, â€Å"I don’t want realism†¦I’ll tell you what I want. Magic! Yes, yes, magic! I misrepresent things to them. I don’t tell the truth. I tell what ought to be truth. And if that is sinful, then let me be damned for it! – Don’t turn the light on10. She sings â€Å"its only a paper moon, sailing over a cardboard sea11†, which again shows how she believes that life can be led by the lovers in their imagined reality. When Blanche claims, â€Å"After all, a woman’s charm is fifty percent illusion12† it can be seen that her life is diametrically opposite to reality. Blanche resorts to bathing repeatedly in an effort to cleanse herself of her promiscuous past. She claims that baths soothe her nerves but as she cannot erase her past from her mind her bathing is never done. â€Å"In the bathroom the water goes on loud; little breathless cries and peals of laughter are heard as if a child were frolicking in the rub13.† These words show the audience that Blanch loses herself in her childlike innocence while taking hot baths. In order to further delude herself she has to resort to drinking. â€Å"Suddenly she notices something in a half-opened closet. She springs up and crosses to it, and removes a whiskey bot tle. She pours a half tumbler of whiskey and tosses it down. She carefully replaces the bottle and washes out the tumbler at the sink.14† Since drinking is not allowed for homely women, Blanche has to resort to lying and deceits also, â€Å"No, I, rarely touch it15.† But rather than helping her forget her past, alcohol removes her from the path of sanity. Miller too employs a volley of symbols and motifs in â€Å"Death of a Salesman† to depict the journey of Willy Loman’s escapism into a dream world. For Willy, woods and jungles refer to a world of success. Although he could not take the initiative of entering the woods with his Brother Ben, he often explores this forest through his imagination. After he is fired from his job, the land parts under his feet and he cries, â€Å"The woods are burnin16.† Burning refers to the end of his dream as well as his clinging hopes that he can realize the American Dream by becoming a famous salesman. When he hears Ben proclaiming that â€Å"the jungle is dark but full of diamonds16†, Willy is influenced to change this dark into light by committing suicide. Again the diamonds found by Ben in the jungle are a symbol of success for Willy. Although a complete failure, Willy still sees the hopes in the diamonds and plans to â€Å"fetch a diamond17† for Biff by committi ng suicide. He is not aware of the fact the insurance company may forfeit his claim on the insurance money in the event of discovering that his death was a suicide. But he is preoccupied with his imagination and says, â€Å"I see it like a diamond, shining in the dark, hard and rough, that I can pick up and touch in my hand18†. The settings of Brooklyn resemble a forest of concrete highly populated by people from all walks of life. Willy’s apartment lies in a congested place where there is no sunshine. But lost in his illusions he hankers for a garden in order to create a better and healthy life for his family. He is utterly disappointed â€Å"The grass dont grow anymore, you cant raise a carrot in the back yard19.† Miller uses the garden as a motif, and Willy tries his utmost to sow the seeds in the garden of his imagination, never for a moment realizing that there is not a blade of grass in the concrete of Brooklyn Willy is taken on a flight of his imagination toward his past whenever he sees Linda mending her stockings. The stocking reminds him of his sexual liaison with a woman, and of his happy times when he could afford to give stockings to his mistress. Willy is surrounded by other symbols that remind him of his status, and also the fact that how much engrossed he had become in acquirin g the American Dream. He has all the brands in his house, â€Å"Chevrolet, Simonize, Hastings, Studebaker20.† The name of the Chevvy makes his heart swell with pride, as it is â€Å"the greatest car ever built21† Equating the brands with success is a folly not only of the salesman but also of a common man. The hosepipe hidden by Willy is the immediate symbol of the end of his American Dream, and his ardent wish to commit suicide. But even in this symbol, Willy has elusive hopes; he thinks that with this benevolent gesture his will make his family rich. The stage directions in â€Å" A Streetcar Named Desire† switch from light to dark and vice versa indicating that Blanche tries to run away from her present, and takes refuge in her past. The dark shows her desire to lose herself in ignorance. Williams uses a Blue Piano in the background, and he uses its music to show the emotional state of Blanche. She is lonely and broken, and wants to catch a straw like a dying man. The music is played when she recounts the loss of Belle Reve and the deaths of her family members through â€Å"epic fornications.22† The music is again at its loudest when she kisses the paperboy. May be she sees her young husband â€Å"Alan Gray† in the boy, a fact which again shows that she cannot be separated from her past, and that she is not willing to take any lessons from it. Blanche has a deep interest in the young boys; a fact that indicates her desire to make up for her dead husband. Williams makes use of the â€Å"Varsouviana Polka23â €  to further show her falling condition. When she loses herself in the contemplation of Shep Huntleigh, â€Å"The Varsouviana is filtered into weird distortion, accompanied by the cries and noises of the jungle24.† Varsouviana swings her back to the time of her husband’s death, and it is only with the sound of a gunshot that her reverie is broken. Thus Polka helps the audience realize the intensity with which she is tied to her illusions forgetting the stark reality of life. Like Tennessee, Miller’s stage directions are also the flagship of his success. He employs impeccable theatrical devices to make the audience realize the transition of Willy from the present to the past. Through flashbacks, time switches and memories, Miller depicts a detailed picture of Willy’s last twenty-four years following the Greek unity of twenty-four hours in a drama. Like the Stanley’s house in New Orleans, the Lomans’ house too looks like a skeleton of a house, whose walls are transparent. The characters walk through the walls to indicate the past and through the doors to indicate the present. â€Å"Whenever the action is in the present the actors observe the imaginary wall-lines, entering the house only through its door at the left. But in the scenes of the past these boundaries are broken, and characters enter or leave a room by stepping ‘through’ a wall on the forestage25.† Miller makes specific use of lighting to show Will y’s descent into the past. The lighting is warm and soft when Willy transcends into the past but harsh and bright when he is transported into the present. Lighting is very helpful for the audience to realize Willy’s oscillation between the present and the past. At the end of the play all the apartment buildings surrounding the Lomans’ house â€Å"rise into sharp focus26† thereby signifying that Willy does not have to travel anymore to his past either through the flashback or his memories. Similar to the Varsouviana Polka, Miller employs the music of the flute to show Willy’s infatuation with the past. The music of the flute reminds Willy of his father who made and sold the flutes. â€Å"A melody is heard, played upon by a flute. It is small and fine, telling of grass and trees and the horizon27.† Willy constantly hears the flute although sometimes he is not aware of it. The music of the flute is used by Miller as a motif to show that the memory of Willy’s father haunts Willy. The music transports him to the past, and he wonders why he cant become as crafty a salesman as a flute player his father was. By the time he comes home, the flute fades away. The flute is the last thing in the requiem, and keeps on playing until the curtain falls. The flute indicates that Willy has perhaps become not only the part of dust but also a part of his past. .u614f2266932f123eb3141a690e2c54b9 , .u614f2266932f123eb3141a690e2c54b9 .postImageUrl , .u614f2266932f123eb3141a690e2c54b9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u614f2266932f123eb3141a690e2c54b9 , .u614f2266932f123eb3141a690e2c54b9:hover , .u614f2266932f123eb3141a690e2c54b9:visited , .u614f2266932f123eb3141a690e2c54b9:active { border:0!important; } .u614f2266932f123eb3141a690e2c54b9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u614f2266932f123eb3141a690e2c54b9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u614f2266932f123eb3141a690e2c54b9:active , .u614f2266932f123eb3141a690e2c54b9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u614f2266932f123eb3141a690e2c54b9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u614f2266932f123eb3141a690e2c54b9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u614f2266932f123eb3141a690e2c54b9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u614f2266932f123eb3141a690e2c54b9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u614f2266932f123eb3141a690e2c54b9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u614f2266932f123eb3141a690e2c54b9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u614f2266932f123eb3141a690e2c54b9 .u614f2266932f123eb3141a690e2c54b9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u614f2266932f123eb3141a690e2c54b9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: "This days black fate on moes day doth depend" EssayTennessee shows that Blanche is so blinded to reality that she does not understand what it is to be happily married. She does not understand that Stanley and Stella make a happy couple, and that nobody can pull them apart. But for an educated woman like Blanche, sex cannot be the basis of a married life, and hence she tries to disintegrate them. She dislikes Stanley and declares, He acts like an animal, has an animals habits! Eats like one, moves like one, talks like one! Theres even something -sub-human-something not quite to the stage of humanity yet!28† She calls Stanley a brute, an ape and a â€Å"Polack† and asks Stella to come over to her. In the deep recesses of her mind she is still the Southern Belle who can shelter her sister in Belle Reve. The clash between Blanche and Stanley is a clash between realism and fantasy. Stanley the realist cannot tolerate her tearing his domestic happiness, and under the effect of alcohol and Blanche’s provocation he rapes her. It is to Blanche’s dismay that when she tells the reality to Stella and Eunice, they turn a deaf ear to her. Thus reality does not go hand in hand with Blanche. She is happy in her illusions, and at the time she is sent to the lunatic asylum, she again loses herself in her imaginations. As she leaves, she says, â€Å"I have always depended on the kindness of strangers29.† Thus she escapes reality even during her mental breakdown. A Streetcar Named desire ends with Blanche’s insanity but the audience feels that this insanity is what can make Blanches sane. She is not a product of reality; she is a part and parcel of her illusions, and may be she will live happily in her madness. The character of Blanche is that of a strong woman who prefers to live in her illusions rather than face the harsh realties of the cruel patriarchal society. After the death of her husband and her family members, she is lonely and desperate. But She tries to resurrect herself in every possible way rather than surrender or lead the role of a passive woman in the society. She tries to overcome the lack of Alan’s love by surrendering herself to â€Å"intimacies with strangers30.† In a world where a lonely woman is nothing but a commodity, she craves for recognition. â€Å"Men don’t – don’t even admit your existence unless they are making love to you. And you’ve got to have your existence a dmitted by someone, if you’re going to have someone’s protection31.† It is the tragedy of her life that the more she craves for protection the more she becomes vulnerable. She is not the â€Å"Tarantula that brought her victims to32.† She is a simple, strong but frustrated woman who is entrapped in a vicious web by the patriarchal society. Her madness is her metaphorical death, and may be her exemplary salvation from the brutal world of New Orleans. Williams uses dramatic irony when Blanche says of Stanley â€Å"The first time I laid eyes on him I thought to myself, that man is my executioner33!† and to some extent this execution will help Blanche lead a happy life lost in her illusions in the mental asylum. Thus the escapist Blanche gets the better of a realist Blanche in Williams’ play, and it is the beginning of a new end for her. She will live once again in her illusions happily aided by a stark madness. If the patriarchal society is the root cause of Blanche’s tragic fate, Willy Loman is victimized by the capitalist system of America. Willy is not only a salesman; he is a metaphor for the failure of American Dream. He fails as a seller but who does not? Miller once said during an interview, â€Å"We are all salesman, meaning that we are all trying to impress others so that we can be popular (or â€Å"well-liked,† as Willy says)34.† Having failed in achieving his dreams, he is left with ruminating his past when he had been a successful man. Fantasizing and reminiscing give him momentary respite, but he has to face the realities also. He is ashamed of his misdemeanors. His high expectations of his sons, infidelity with his wife, his inability to pay the bills, begging Charley for every expense make him aware of his flawed character, and he finds the reality too cruel to cope with. Gradually he loses balance of mind, suffers a psychological breakdown, and contempla tes suicide as the last resort. Miller describes Willy as â€Å"literally at that terrible moment when the voice of the past is no longer distant but quite as loud as the voice of the present35†, a condition Tennessee presents in the character of Blanche. Both the characters are haunted by the past, and escaping into the past again and again makes them aloof, chary and indifferent to reality. The dramatists have used various literary devices to show the theme of escapism in their respective works. The protagonists are tragic figures that have to take the subterfuge of escapism under the different social, cultural and economic conditions prevailing in America. Blanche suffers from illusions as her hideous past haunts her while Willy escapes down the memory way to regale his past. If Blanche takes to sex, alcohol, baths and Chinese lanterns, Willy dreams of diamonds, gardens, stockings and the childhood of his sons. Both the characters Blanche and Willy are tragic in that they become a victim of their own flaw s, a fact that makes them misfit in the American society. They are trapped so viciously in the intricate webs of their lives that they have to physically or metaphorically die in order to exonerate themselves from the gossamer of realities. The two dramatists deal with the theme of escapism, and no doubt show that Blanche and Willy are reduced to a tragic fate by the forces of society. Both are haunted by their past, and they want a perfect dream world, a fairy island for them to exist somewhere. The dramatists write of the American society of the post world war era, and show how war, modernism and capitalism can harm the lives of ordinary people. Although the main theme of the dramatists, and the writing style is the same yet they deal with their themes differently, with a different purpose on their minds. When it comes to their writing style we find that â€Å"Death of a Salesman† has very less to do with â€Å"A Streetcar Named Desire.† Miller writes the play in a more expressionistic manner, and invents a new style that helps him deal with the theme of escapism in a unique manner. It is a play where there is no transition. Miller says, â€Å"There is a direct thrust of the story from the first minute, each scene is cut at its earliest moment, and succeeding scenes begin at the latest possible moment.36† The way Miller writes and directs the scenes helps the audience understand the delusions and memories of the protagonist Willy in a more sympathetic manner. Blanche is an individual who suffers on account of the social influences on households; Willy is a universal man, who represents everyman and dreams of success and fame. Blanche symbolizes the disappearance of Old America while Willy symbolizes the disappearance of American Dream. Blanche meets with her tragic ending as she is at war with a patriarchal society represented by Stanley, a symbol of New America, but Willy is at war with himself. There is no antagonist in â€Å"Death of a Salesman†; hence it is the inner conflict that leads Willy to such desperation. In the Aristotelian canons of tragedy, it is Tennessee who reaches the mark closely, as besides the tragic flaw of Blanche the audience sees Stanley as the personification of evil. The plays are realistic in nature but with a degree of variation which helps the dramatists to mold their characters as perfect escapists. If Tennessee calls his work â€Å"a tragedy with the classic aim of producing a catharsis of pity and terror37, Miller calls his work as â€Å"a tragedy of the common man.† They are escapists, no doubt, but they are tragic heroes in that they do not lose hopes until the very end. For Blanche, there is Shep Huntleigh while for Willy there is a hope â€Å"Ben, that funeral will be massive! Theyll come from Maine, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire38!† Having realized that they are not part of the Darwinian society of America, Blanche and Willy escape to their dream worlds in their fantasies, leaving the readers sympathize with the root cause of their sufferings-the American socio, cultural and political conditions after World war II.